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1.2 Ngā pūnga hikohiko

Ko te matū-whakarewa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnga hikohiko ko te waikura konumohe i hangaia e te waikura o te konumohe, me te pūmau matū-whakarewa o te 8 ki te 8.5 me te kaha matū-whakarewa mahi o te 0.07V/A (1µm=10000A). Heoi, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i tēnei matotoru. Ka whakaitihia e te matotoru o te paparanga konumohe te tauwehenga kaha (te kaha motuhake) o ngā pūnga hikohiko nā te mea me whakairo te pepa konumohe hei hanga i tētahi kiriata waikura konumohe hei whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga rokiroki pūngao pai, ā, ka hangaia e te mata he maha ngā mata kore taurite. I tētahi atu taha, ko te ātete o te irahiko he 150Ωcm mō te ngaohiko iti me te 5kΩcm mō te ngaohiko teitei (500V). Ko te ātete teitei ake o te irahiko ka whakawhāiti i te ia RMS ka taea e te pūnga hikohiko te tu atu, ko te tikanga ki te 20mA/µF.

Nā ēnei take i hangaia ai ngā pūnga hikohiko mō te ngaohiko mōrahi o te 450V (ko ētahi kaihanga takitahi e hoahoa ana mō te 600V). Nō reira, kia whiwhi ai i ngā ngaohiko teitei ake, me whakatutuki mā te hono i ngā pūnga i roto i te raupapa. Heoi, nā te rerekētanga o te ātete whakamarumaru o ia pūnga hikohiko, me hono he ātete ki ia pūnga kia taurite ai te ngaohiko o ia pūnga kua honoa raupapa. Hei tāpiri, he taputapu polarized ngā pūnga hikohiko, ā, ina neke atu te ngaohiko whakamuri i te 1.5 ngā wā o Un, ka puta he tauhohenga hikohiko. Ina roa te ngaohiko whakamuri i whakamahia, ka maringi te pūnga. Hei karo i tēnei āhuatanga, me hono he diode ki te taha o ia pūnga ina whakamahia. Haunga, ko te ātete ngaru ngaohiko o ngā pūnga hikohiko he 1.15 ngā wā o Un, ā, ko ngā mea pai ka eke ki te 1.2 ngā wā o Un. Nō reira, me whakaaro ngā kaihoahoa ehara i te mea ko te ngaohiko mahi pumau anake engari ko te ngaohiko ngaru hoki ina whakamahia ana. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka taea te tuhi i te ripanga whakatairite e whai ake nei i waenga i ngā pūnga kiriata me ngā pūnga hikohiko, tirohia te Pikitia 1.

2. Tātaritanga Taupānga

Ko ngā pūnga hiko DC-Link hei tātari me whai hoahoa au nui me te kaha nui. Hei tauira, ko te pūnaha taraiwa motuka matua o tētahi waka hiko hou e whakahuatia ana i te Pikitia 3. I roto i tēnei tono, he mahi wetewete te pūnga hiko, ā, he au mahi teitei te ara iahiko. Ko te painga o te pūnga hiko kiriata DC-Link he kaha ki te tu atu i ngā au mahi nui (Irms). Hei tauira, tangohia ngā tawhā waka hiko hou 50~60kW, ko ngā tawhā e whai ake nei: ngaohiko whakahaere 330 Vdc, ngaohiko ripple 10Vrms, ia ripple 150Arms@10KHz.

Kātahi ka tatauhia te kaha hiko iti rawa penei:

He māmā noa iho tēnei hei whakatinana mō te hoahoa pūnga kiriata. Mēnā ka whakamahia ngā pūnga hiko, ki te whakaarohia te 20mA/μF, ka tatauhia te kaha iti rawa o ngā pūnga hiko kia tutuki ai ngā tawhā o runga ake nei penei:

Me whakamahi ngā pūnga hiko maha e honoa whakarara ana hei whiwhi i tēnei kaha.

I roto i ngā tono ngaohiko nui, pērā i te tereina māmā, te pahi hiko, te tereina raro whenua, me ētahi atu. I te mea kua honoa ēnei mana ki te pantograph tereina mā te pantograph, ka mutu te hononga i waenga i te pantograph me te pantograph i te wā e haere ana te kawe. Ina kore e pā te tokorua, ka tautokona te pūtake hiko e te pūnga waituhi DC-L, ā, ina whakahokia te hononga, ka puta te ngaohiko nui. Ko te take kino rawa atu ko te tukunga katoa e te pūnga DC-Link ina momotuhia, ina rite te ngaohiko tukunga ki te ngaohiko pantograph, ā, ina whakahokia te hononga, ko te ngaohiko nui ka puta he tata ki te rua ngā wā i te Un whakahaere kua whakatauria. Mō ngā pūnga kiriata, ka taea te whakahaere i te pūnga DC-Link me te kore whakaaro tāpiri. Mena ka whakamahia ngā pūnga hiko, ko te ngaohiko nui ko te 1.2Un. Hei tauira, tangohia te metro Shanghai. Un=1500Vdc, mō te pūnga hiko hei whakaaro ko te ngaohiko ko:

Kātahi ka honoa ngā pūnga hiko e ono 450V i roto i te raupapa. Mēnā ka whakamahia te hoahoa pūnga hiko kiriata i roto i te 600Vdc ki te 2000Vdc, tae atu rānei ki te 3000Vdc, he ngāwari noa iho te whakatutuki. Hei tāpiri, ko te pūngao i roto i te take o te tukunga katoa o te pūnga hiko ka hanga he tukunga ara iahiko poto i waenganui i ngā irahiko e rua, ka puta he iahiko nui e tomo mai ana i roto i te pūnga hiko DC-Link, he rerekē te tikanga mō ngā pūnga hikohiko kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga.

Hei tāpiritanga, ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pūnga hikohiko, ka taea te hanga i ngā pūnga kiriata DC-Link kia tino iti te ESR (i raro iho i te 10mΩ, ā, i raro iho i te <1mΩ) me te LS whaiaro-whakaoho (i raro iho i te 100nH, ā, i ētahi wā i raro iho i te 10, i te 20nH rānei). Mā tēnei ka taea te tāuta tika i te pūnga kiriata DC-Link ki roto i te kōwae IGBT ina whakamahia, ka taea ai te whakauru i te pae pahi ki roto i te pūnga kiriata DC-Link, ā, ka kore e hiahiatia he pūnga ngongo IGBT motuhake ina whakamahia ngā pūnga kiriata, ka penapena moni nui ki te kaihoahoa. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 me te 3 i ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau o ētahi o ngā hua C3A me C3B.

3. Whakamutunga

I ngā rā o mua, ko te nuinga o ngā pūnga hiko DC-Link he pūnga hikohiko nā runga i te utu me te rahi.

Heoi, ka pāngia ngā pūnga hikohiko e te kaha ki te tu atu ki te ngaohiko me te au (he nui ake te ESR ki te whakataurite ki ngā pūnga kiriata), nō reira me hono ētahi pūnga hikohiko i roto i te raupapa me te whakarara kia whiwhi ai i te kaha nui me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te whakamahinga ngaohiko teitei. Hei tāpiri, i runga i te whakaaro ki te whakakorikori o te rauemi electrolyte, me whakakapi i ia wā. Ko te tikanga, ko te roa o te oranga hua mō ngā tono pūngao hou he 15 tau, nō reira me whakakapi kia 2 ki te 3 ngā wā i roto i tēnei wā. Nō reira, he nui te utu me te raruraru i roto i te ratonga muri-hoko o te mīhini katoa. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau paninga whakarewa me te hangarau pūnga kiriata, kua taea te whakaputa i ngā pūnga tātari DC kaha-teitei me te ngaohiko mai i te 450V ki te 1200V, teitei ake rānei me te kiriata OPP tino angiangi (te 2.7µm angiangi rawa, tae atu ki te 2.4µm) ma te whakamahi i te hangarau mimiti kiriata haumaru. I tētahi atu taha, mā te whakaurunga o ngā pūnga DC-Link ki te pae pahi ka kiato ake te hoahoa o te waeine inverter, ā, ka tino whakaitihia te ine hiko hē o te ara iahiko kia pai ai te whakahaere.