He tukanga hou te whakamahana hiko, ā, ko tōna whakamahinga nui nā ōna āhuatanga ahurei.

Ina rere te ia tere hurihuri i roto i tētahi mea mahi whakarewa, ka puta he pānga kiri, ka whakatōtō te ia ki te mata o te mea mahi, ka hanga he pūtake wera tino whiriwhiri i runga i te mata whakarewa. I kitea e Faraday tēnei painga o te pānga kiri, ā, i kitea e ia te āhuatanga whakamiharo o te whakapūnga hikohiko. Ko ia anō te kaiwhakaū o te whakamahana whakapūnga. Kāore te whakamahana whakapūnga e hiahia ana ki tētahi pūtake wera o waho, engari ka whakamahia te mea mahi kua whakamahanatia hei pūtake wera, ā, kāore tēnei tikanga e hiahia kia pā te mea mahi ki te pūtake hiko, arā, te koiri whakapūnga. Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga ko te kaha ki te whiriwhiri i ngā hohonutanga whakamahana rerekē i runga i te auau, te whakamahana ā-rohe tika i runga i te hoahoa hononga koiri, me te kaha o te mana teitei, te kiato mana teitei rānei.

 

Ko te tukanga maimoatanga wera e tika ana mō te whakamahana arataki me whakamahi katoa i ēnei āhuatanga, ā, me hoahoa i tētahi taputapu katoa mā te whai i ngā kaupae i raro nei.

 

Tuatahi, me rite ngā whakaritenga tukanga ki ngā āhuatanga taketake o te whakamahana hiko. Ka whakaahuahia e tēnei upoko ngā pānga hikohiko i roto i te mea mahi, te tohatoha o te iahiko hua, me te mana mimiti. E ai ki te pānga whakamahana me te pānga pāmahana i hangaia e te iahiko hiko, me te tohatoha pāmahana i ngā auau rerekē, ngā āhua whakarewa me te mea mahi rerekē, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā kaihoahoa te whakatau ki te whakakore i runga i ngā whakaritenga o ngā tikanga hangarau.

 

Tuarua, me whakatau te momo motuhake o te whakamahana whakapūmau i runga i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā tikanga hangarau, me te mārama whānui hoki ki te tono me te whanaketanga o te whakamahana whakapūmau, me te ia o te tono matua.

 

Tuatoru, i muri i te whakatau i te pai me te whakamahinga pai rawa atu o te whakamahana arataki, ka taea te hoahoa i te pūoko me te pūnaha tuku hiko.

He rite tonu te maha o ngā raruraru o te whakamahana hiko whakapūmau ki ētahi mōhiotanga tirohanga taketake o te hangarau, ā, i ahu mai i ngā wheako mahi. Ka taea hoki te kī kāore e taea te hoahoa i tētahi whakamahana hiko whakapūmau, i tētahi pūnaha rānei, me te kore e mārama tika ki te āhua o te pūoko, te auau o te tuku hiko, me te mahi wera o te konganuku kua wera.

 

He rite tonu te pānga o te whakamahana arataki, i raro i te awe o ngā papa aukume e kore e kitea, ki te tinei mura.

Hei tauira, ko te auau teitei ake i whakaputaina e te whakaputa auau teitei (neke atu i te 200000 Hz) ka taea te whakaputa i tētahi pūtake wera kaha, tere, ā-rohe hoki, he rite tonu ki te mahi a te mura hau pāmahana teitei iti, kukū. I te ritenga ke, ko te pānga whakamahana o te auau waenga (1000 Hz me te 10000 Hz) he marara ake, he puhoi ake, ā, ka hohonu ake te uru o te wera, he rite ki te mura hau nui, tuwhera.