I roto i te ara iahiko DC, he rite te pūnga ki te ara iahiko tuwhera. Ko te pūnga he momo wāhanga ka taea te penapena i te utu hiko, ā, ko tētahi hoki o ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana.ngā wāhanga hiko. Ka tīmata tēnei me te hanganga o te pūnga hiko. Ko ngā pūnga hiko māmā rawa he pereti porowhita i ngā pito e rua me te ārai hiko (tae atu ki te hau) i waenganui. Ina whakakahangia, ka utua ngā pereti, ka hangaia he ngaohiko (rerekētanga pūmanawa), engari nā te mea he rauemi ārai kei waenganui, kāore te pūnga hiko katoa e kawe hiko. Heoi, kei raro i te whakaritenga o mua tēnei take kia kaua e hipa i te ngaohiko tino nui (ngaohiko pakaru) o te pūnga hiko. E mōhio ana tātou, he āhua ārai te matū katoa. Ina piki te ngaohiko puta noa i tētahi matū ki tētahi taumata, ka taea e ngā matū katoa te kawe hiko, e kiia nei ko te ngaohiko pakaru. Kāore he rerekētanga o ngā pūnga hiko. I muri i te pakaru o ngā pūnga hiko, ehara i te mea he ārai hiko. Heoi, i te wāhanga kura waenga, kāore e kitea aua ngaohiko i roto i te ara iahiko, nō reira ka mahi katoa i raro i te ngaohiko pakaru, ā, ka taea te kī he ārai hiko. Heoi, i roto i ngā ara iahiko AC, ka huri te ahunga o te iahiko hei mahi a te wā. He wā te tukanga o te utu me te tuku i ngā pūnga hiko. I tēnei wā, ka hangaia te āpure hiko e huri haere ana i waenganui i ngā irahiko, ā, he mahi anō hoki tēnei āpure hiko o te huri haere i te wā. Inaa, ka rere te iahiko i waenganui i ngā pūnga i te āhua o te āpure hiko.

Te mahi a te pūnga：

●Hononga:Ko te pūnga e whakamahia ana i roto i te ara iahiko hononga e kiia ana ko te pūnga hononga, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te whakakaha hononga ātete-pūnga me ētahi atu ara iahiko hononga capacitive, ā, ko ia te wehewehe i te DC me te tuku AC.

●Tātari:Ko ngā pūnga iahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko tātari e kiia ana he pūnga iahiko tātari, e whakamahia ana i roto i te tātari hiko me ngā ara iahiko tātari rerekē. Ka tangohia e ngā pūnga iahiko tātari ngā tohu i roto i tētahi roopu auau motuhake mai i te tohu katoa.

●Te wetewete:Ko ngā pūnga iahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko wetewete e kiia ana he pūnga iahiko wetewete, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko tuku hiko DC o ngā whakakaha maha-wāhanga. Ka whakakorea e ngā pūnga iahiko wetewete ngā hononga whakawhiti auau-iti kino i waenga i ia whakakaha wāhanga.

●Te whakakore i te wiri auau teitei:Ko te pūnga e whakamahia ana i roto i te ara iahiko whakakore wiri auau teitei ka kiia ko te pūnga whakakore wiri auau teitei. I roto i te whakakaha urupare kino oro, hei whakakore i te whakaoho-ā-unoa auau teitei ka puta pea, ka whakamahia tēnei ara iahiko pūnga hei whakakore i te aue auau teitei ka puta pea i roto i te whakakaha.

●Te Āhuatanga:Ko ngā pūnga iahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko LC e kiia ana he pūnga iahiko resonant, e hiahiatia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko LC whakarara me ngā ara iahiko raupapa.

●Āpiti:Ko te pūnga iahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i te ara iahiko karo ka kiia ko te pūnga iahiko karo. Mena me tango te tohu i roto i tētahi roopu auau mai i te tohu i roto i te ara iahiko, ka taea te whakamahi i te ara iahiko pūnga iahiko karo. E ai ki te auau o te tohu kua tangohia, kei reira te rohe auau katoa (ngā tohu AC katoa) te ara iahiko pūnga iahiko karo me te ara iahiko pūnga iahiko karo auau teitei.

●Whakakorenga:Ko ngā pūnga iahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko whakakorekore e kiia ana he pūnga iahiko whakakorekore. I roto i ngā whakakaha auau teitei me ngā auau waenga o te reo irirangi me ngā whakakaha auau teitei o te pouaka whakaata, ka whakamahia tēnei ara iahiko pūnga iahiko whakakorekore hei whakakore i te whakaoho-ā-ake.

●Te wā:Ko ngā pūnga iahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko wā ka kiia he pūnga iahiko wā. Ka whakamahia te ara iahiko pūnga iahiko wā i roto i te ara iahiko e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere i te wā mā te utu me te tuku i ngā pūnga iahiko, ā, ko te mahi a ngā pūnga iahiko he whakahaere i te pūmau wā.

●Whakaurunga:Ko ngā pūnga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko whakauru ka kiia he pūnga whakauru. I roto i te ara iahiko wehenga tukutahi o te matawai mara pūmanawa hiko, ka taea te tango i te tohu tukutahi mara mai i te tohu tukutahi pūhui mara mā te whakamahi i tēnei ara iahiko pūnga whakauru.

●Rerekētanga:Ko ngā pūnga iahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ara iahiko rerekētanga e kiia ana he pūnga iahiko rerekētanga. Hei whiwhi i te tohu whakaoho pīka i roto i te ara iahiko hurihuri, ka whakamahia te ara iahiko pūnga iahiko rerekētanga hei whiwhi i te tohu whakaoho pīka mai i ngā tohu rerekē (he pīka tapawhā te nuinga).

●Utu:Ko te pūnga iahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i te ara iahiko utu ka kiia ko te pūnga iahiko utu. I roto i te ara iahiko utu pāorooro o te kaipupuri kāri, ka whakamahia tēnei ara iahiko pūnga iahiko utu auau-iti hei whakapai ake i te tohu auau-iti i roto i te tohu purei. Hei tāpiri, he ara iahiko pūnga iahiko utu auau-teitei.

●Pūtu:Ko te pūnga e whakamahia ana i roto i te ara iahiko bootstrap e kiia ana ko te pūnga bootstrap, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te ara iahiko wāhanga putanga o te whakakaha mana OTL hei whakanui ake i te kaha haurua-huringa pai o te tohu mā te urupare pai.

●Wehenga auau:Ko te pūnga i roto i te ara iahiko wehewehe auau ka kiia ko te pūnga wehewehe auau. I roto i te ara iahiko wehewehe auau o te pouaka oro, ka whakamahia te ara iahiko pūnga wehewehe auau hei mahi i te pūnga auau-teitei i roto i te roopu auau-teitei, te pūnga auau-waenga i roto i te roopu auau-waenga, me te pūnga auau-iti i roto i te roopu auau-iti.

●Te kaha kawenga:e pā ana ki te kaha ā-waho whai hua e whakatau ana i te auau oro o te kawenga me te resonator karaihe kuata. Ko ngā uara paerewa noa mō ngā pūnga kawenga ko 16pF, 20pF, 30pF, 50pF, me te 100pF. Ka taea te whakarite i te kaha kawenga kia rite ki te āhuatanga motuhake, ā, ka taea te whakarite i te auau mahi o te resonator ki te uara ingoa mā te whakarite.

I tēnei wā, kei te tomo te umanga pūnga kiriata ki tētahi wā whanaketanga pumau mai i te
te wā o te tipu tere, ā, ko te kaha nekeneke hou me te tawhito o te umanga kei roto i te
te wāhanga whakawhiti.