Kei roto ngā kaitahuri i tētahi rōpū nui o ngā kaitahuri pūmau, tae atu ki te nuinga o ēnei rā.'ngā taputapu ka taea"tahuri"ngā tawhā hiko i roto i te tāuru, pērā i te ngaohiko me te auau, kia puta ai he putanga e hototahi ana ki ngā whakaritenga o te kawenga.

Ko te tikanga whānui, ko ngā inverters ngā taputapu ka taea te huri i te au tika ki te au tauutuutu, ā, he mea noa i roto i ngā tono aunoatanga ahumahi me ngā puku hiko. Ka rerekē te hoahoa me te hoahoa o ngā momo inverters rerekē i runga i ia tono motuhake, ahakoa he rite tonu te kaupapa matua (te hurihanga DC ki AC).

1. Ngā Kaitahuri Tūkotahi me ngā Kaitahuri Hononga-Whatunga

Ko ngā inverters e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono photovoltaic kua wehea i mua ki ngā momo matua e rua:

:Ngā kaitahuri takitahi

:Ngā kaitahuri hono-pūnaha

Ko ngā kaitahuri takitahi he mea hanga mō ngā tono kāore te tipu PV e hono ana ki te whatunga tohatoha hiko matua. Ka taea e te kaitahuri te tuku hiko ki ngā kawenga e hono ana, kia mau tonu ai ngā tawhā hiko matua (ngaohiko me te auau). Mā tēnei ka noho tonu rātou i roto i ngā rohe kua tautuhia, kia taea ai te tu atu ki ngā āhuatanga taumaha wā poto. I tēnei āhuatanga, ka honoa te kaitahuri ki tētahi pūnaha rokiroki pākahiko kia mau tonu ai te tuku hiko.

I tētahi atu taha, ka taea e ngā kaitahuri hono-pūnaha te tukutahi ki te pūnahi hiko e hono ana ki a rātou nā te mea, i tēnei wā, kāore te ngaohiko me te auau e tika ana."i whakatakotoria"mā te whatunga matua. Me taea e ēnei kaitahuri te momotu mēnā ka pakaru te whatunga matua kia kore ai e puta he putanga whakamuri o te whatunga matua, ka waiho pea hei tūponotanga nui.

Pikitia 1 - Tauira o te pūnaha tūkotahi me te pūnaha hono-Whatunga. He whakaahua nā Biblus.

2. He aha te Tūranga o te Pūnga Pahi

Ko te kaupapa o te inverter he huri i te ngaohiko āhua-ngaru DC ki te tohu AC hei werohanga i te mana ki roto i te kawenga (hei tauira, te whatunga hiko) i te auau kua hoatu me te koki ā-wāhanga iti (φ ≈0). Kei te whakaatuhia i te Pikitia he ara iahiko kua whakangawaritia mō te Whakarerekētanga Whānui-Pulse kotahi-wāhanga (PWM).2 (ka taea te whakawhānui i te kaupapa whānui kotahi ki tētahi pūnaha wāhanga-toru). I roto i tēnei kaupapa, ka hangaia he pūnaha PV, e mahi ana hei pūtake hiko DC me ētahi hiko pūtake, hei tohu AC mā roto i ngā pana IGBT e whā e whakarara ana me ngā diode hurihuri kore. Ka whakahaerehia ēnei pana i te kuaha mā roto i tētahi tohu PWM, ko te putanga o tētahi IC e whakataurite ana i tētahi ngaru kawe (he ngaru sine o te auau putanga e hiahiatia ana) me tētahi ngaru tohutoro i tētahi auau teitei ake (he ngaru tapatoru i te 5-20kHz). Ka hangaia te putanga o ngā IGBT hei tohu AC e tika ana mō te whakamahi, te werohanga whatunga rānei mā te tono i ngā momo āhua o ngā tātari LC.

Tikina he Tāpaetanga

Pikitia 2: Te Whakarerekētanga Whānui Pāhekoheko (PWM) wāhanga-kotahite whakatakotoranga o te inverter. Ka hangaia e ngā pana IGBT, me te tātari putanga LC, te tohu tāuru DC hei tohu AC ka taea te whakamahi. Ka puta hete ngaohiko kino e rere ana puta noa i ngā pito o te PV. Ko te pahika whakaritea te rahi o te pūnga iahiko hei whakaiti i tēnei ngaru.

Mā te mahi a ngā IGBT ka whakauruhia he ngaohiko ripiripi ki te pito o te rarangi PV. He kino tēnei ripiripi ki te mahi a te pūnaha PV, nā te mea me pupuri te ngaohiko ingoa e pā ana ki ngā pito i te pūwāhi mana mōrahi (MPP) o te pihi IV kia taea ai te tango i te mana nui rawa atu. Ka whakakorikorihia te mana i tangohia mai i te pūnaha e te ripiripi ngaohiko i runga i ngā pito PV, ka hua ake

he iti ake te putanga mana toharite (Pikitia 3). Ka tāpirihia he pūnga ki runga i te pahi hei whakangawari i te ngaru hiko.

Pikitia 3: Ka nekehia te ngaohiko e tukuna ana ki ngā pito PV e te kaupapa whakawhiti PWM i te ngaohiko e tukuna ana mai i te pūwāhi mana mōrahi (MPP) o te rarangi PV. Ka whakauruhia he ngaohiko ki roto i te putanga mana o te rarangi kia iti ake ai te mana putanga toharite i te MPP ingoa.

Ko te kaha (tihi ki te tihi) o te ngaru hiko ka whakatauhia e te auau whakawhiti, te ngaohiko PV, te kaha pahi, me te hiko tātari e ai ki:

kei hea:

Ko te VPV te ngaohiko DC o te papa rā,

Ko te Cbus te kaha o te kaha o te pahi,

Ko L te ine hiko o ngā ine hiko tātari,

Ko te fPWM te auau whakawhiti.

E pā ana te whārite (1) ki tētahi pūnga pai e ārai ana i te rere o te utu mā roto i te pūnga i te wā e utu ana, kātahi ka tukuna te kaha kei roto i te mara hiko me te kore ātete. Inaa, kāore he pūnga pai (Pikitia 4) engari he maha ngā huānga e titoa ana. Haunga te pūnga pai, kāore te dielectric i te tino ātete, ā, ka rere he ia turuturu iti mai i te anode ki te cathode i runga i te ātete shunt mutunga kore (Rsh), ka karo i te pūnga dielectric (C). Ina rere te ia mā roto i te pūnga, kāore ngā pine, ngā pepa whakarewa, me te dielectric i te tino pai te kawe, ā, he ātete raupapa ōrite (ESR) kei roto i te raupapa me te pūnga. Hei whakamutunga, ka rongoa e te pūnga ētahi kaha ki roto i te mara aukume, nō reira he inductance raupapa ōrite (ESL) kei roto i te raupapa me te pūnga me te ESR.

Pikitia 4: Ara iahiko ōrite o tētahi pūnga whānui. Ko te pūnga hehe mea tito mai i ngā huānga kore-tino pai, tae atu ki te kaha whakapūmau hiko (C), he ātete shunt mutunga kore mā roto i te hiko e karo ana i te kaha whakapūmau, te ātete raupapa (ESR), me te inductance raupapa (ESL).

Ahakoa i roto i tētahi wāhanga ngāwari noa iho pērā i te pūnga hiko, he maha ngā wāhanga ka taea te rahua, te heke rānei. Ka taea e ia o ēnei wāhanga te pā ki te whanonga o te inverter, i ngā taha AC me DC. Hei whakatau i te pānga o te hekenga o ngā wāhanga pūnga hiko kāore i te tino pai ki te riu hiko e whakaurua ana puta noa i ngā pito PV, i whakatauirahia he inverter PWM unipolar H-bridge (Pikitia 2) mā te whakamahi i te SPICE. Ka puritia ngā pūnga hiko tātari me ngā inductors ki te 250µF me te 20mH, ia. Ko ngā tauira SPICE mō ngā IGBT i ahu mai i ngā mahi a Petrie et al. Ko te tohu PWM, e whakahaere ana i ngā pana IGBT, ka whakatauhia e te whakataurite me te ara iahiko whakataurite hurihuri mō ngā pana IGBT taha teitei me te taha iti. Ko te whakaurunga mō ngā mana whakahaere PWM he ngaru kawe sine 9.5V, 60Hz me te ngaru tapatoru 10V, 10kHz.